Guitarhack
Senior Member
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- Apr 12, 2010
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I've seen them mentioned in some of the threads but not in their own thread. These drugs are bad news - the physical and psychological effects are devastating.
BATH SALTS
[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTYNw_2yOkI]Bath Salts: A Deadly, Legal High? - YouTube[/ame]
Synthetic Drugs (a.k.a. K2, Spice, Bath Salts, etc.)
Synthetic Drugs
Overview and History
Synthetic marijuana (often known as K2 or Spice) and bath salts products are often sold in legal retail outlets as herbal incense and plant food, respectively, and labeled not for human consumption to mask their intended purpose and avoid FDA regulatory oversight of the manufacturing process.
Synthetic marijuana consists of plant material that has been laced with substances (synthetic cannabinoids) that users claim mimics Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC), the primary psychoactive active ingredient in marijuana, and are marketed toward young people as a legal high.
Use of synthetic marijuana is alarmingly high. According to data from the 2011 Monitoring the Future survey of youth drug-use trends, 11.4 percent of 12th graders used Spice or K2 in the past year, making it the second most commonly used illicit drug among seniors.
Bath salts contain manmade chemicals related to amphetamines that often consist of methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), mephedrone, and methylone, also known as substituted cathinones.
The Administration has been working over the past 24 months with Federal, Congressional, State, local, and non-governmental partners to put policies and legislation in place to combat this threat, and to educate people about the tremendous health risk posed by these substances.
A Rapidly Emerging Threat
Synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense products were first detected in the United States in November 2008, by the Drug Enforcement Administrations (DEA) forensic laboratory. These products were first encountered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
According to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, 2,906 calls relating to human exposure to synthetic marijuana were received in 2010. Twice that number (6,959) were received in 2011, and 639 had been received as of January 2012 (see chart at right).
According to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, the number of calls related to bath salt exposure received by poison control centers across the country increased by more than 20 times in 2011 alone, up from 304 in 2010 to 6,138 (see chart at left).
Risk to the Public Health
Health warnings have been issued by numerous State and local public health authorities and poison control centers describing the adverse health effects associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids, substituted cathinones, and their related products.
The effects of synthetic marijuana include agitation, extreme nervousness, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia (fast, racing heartbeat), elevated blood pressure, tremors and seizures, hallucinations, and dilated pupils. Similar to the adverse effects of cocaine, LSD and methamphetamine, bath salt use is associated with increased heart rate and blood pressure, extreme paranoia, hallucinations, and violent behavior, which causes users to harm themselves or others.
Sources and Continuing Availability
According to U.S. Customs and Border Protection, a number of synthetic marijuana and bath salts products appear to originate overseas and are manufactured in the absence of quality controls and devoid of governmental regulatory oversight.
Law enforcement personnel have also encountered the manufacture of herbal incense products in such places as residential neighborhoods. These products and associated synthetic cannabinoids are readily accessible via the Internet.
The large profits from sales, plus the fact that these chemicals can be easily synthesized to stay one step ahead of control, indicate there is no incentive to discontinue retail distribution of synthetic cannabinoid products under the current statutory and regulatory scheme.
Government Efforts to Ban Synthetic Drug Products
The DEA and State drug control agencies have recognized the need to monitor and, when necessary, control these chemicals. The Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 amends the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) to allow the Attorney General to place a substance temporarily in Schedule I when it is necessary to avoid an imminent hazard to the public safety (21 U.S.C. § 811(h)).
On October 21, 2011, DEA exercised its emergency scheduling authority to control some of the synthetic substances used to manufacture bath salts; these synthetic stimulants are now designated as Schedule I substances.
In March 2011, five synthetic cannabinoids were temporarily categorized as Schedule I substances under the CSA. Unless permanently controlled, the ban on these five substances is set to expire in March 2012.
At least 38 states have taken action to control one or more of these chemicals. Prior to 2010, synthetic cannabinoids were not controlled by any State or at the Federal level.
Congress has taken initial steps to ban many of these substances, and the Administration has sought to support their efforts.
The Synthetic Drug Control Act (HR 1254) was approved by the House of Representatives on December 8, 2011. The Department of Justice has issued a views letter in support of the Act.
In the Senate, several pieces of legislation concerning synthetic drugs are pending, including one that deals specifically with synthetic cannabinoids.
Taken from the US Office of National Drug Control Policy
Crocodile/Krokodile - Desomorphine
[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5qzdUSbYrg&feature=fvwrel]Crocodile - Ukraine's new drug threat - YouTube[/ame]
This one is too graphic so I'll just place a link.
Krokodil Drug (Rusia's Disaster)A drug that eats junkies - Ma túy
Desomorphine
From Wikipedia
Desomorphine, Dihydrodesoxymorphine, Permonid
Desomorphine (dihydrodesoxymorphine, Permonid) is an opiate analogue invented in 1932 in the United States that is a derivative of morphine, where the 6-hydroxyl group has been removed and the 7,8 double bond has been reduced.[1] It has sedative and analgesic effects, and is around 8-10 times more potent than morphine.[2][3][4][5] It was used in Switzerland under the brand name Permonid, and was described as having a fast onset and a short duration of action, with relatively little nausea or respiratory depression compared to equivalent doses of morphine. The traditional synthesis of desomorphine starts from α-chlorocodide, which is itself obtained by reacting thionyl chloride with codeine. By catalytic reduction, α-chlorocodide gives dihydrodesoxycodeine, which yields desomorphine on demethylation.
Desomorphine attracted attention in 2010 in Russia due to an increase in clandestine production, presumably due to its relatively simple synthesis from codeine. The drug is easily made from codeine, iodine and red phosphorus,[8] in a process similar to the manufacture of methamphetamine from pseudoephedrine, but desomorphine made this way is highly impure and contaminated with various toxic and corrosive byproducts. The street name in Russia for home-made desomorphine made in this way is "krokodil" (крокодил, crocodile), reportedly due to the scale-like appearance of skin of its users and the derivation from chlorocodide.[9] Due to difficulties in procuring heroin combined with easy and cheap access to over-the-counter pharmacy products containing codeine in Russia, use of "krokodil" has been on the increase. To curb it however, the Russian government has placed a ban on the sale of such products without a prescription since 1st June 2012[citation needed]. Since the home-made mix is routinely injected immediately with little or no further purification, "krokodil" has become notorious for producing severe tissue damage, phlebitis and gangrene, sometimes requiring limb amputation in long-term users[10]. The amount of tissue damage is so high that addicts' life expectancies are said to be as low as two to three years.[11][12][13]
Abuse of home-made desomorphine was first reported in Middle and eastern Siberia in 2002, but has since spread throughout Russia and the neighboring former Soviet republics. In October 2011, indications of "krokodil" use were found in Germany, with some media outlets claiming several dead users.[14]
[edit] Other ingredients
While crude amateur attempts to make krokodil will almost invariably still contain some remaining codeine as well as other, "accidentally produced" synthetic opioids, some of the krokodil produced also contains other drugs. For example, the codeine pills sold in Russia may also contain ingredients such as caffeine, paracetamol, or diphenhydramine (coincidentally an opioid potentiater) , while chemicals such as tropicamide, found in over the counter eyedrops, may also be added to the mixture. [15]
BATH SALTS
[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTYNw_2yOkI]Bath Salts: A Deadly, Legal High? - YouTube[/ame]
Synthetic Drugs (a.k.a. K2, Spice, Bath Salts, etc.)
Synthetic Drugs
Overview and History
Synthetic marijuana (often known as K2 or Spice) and bath salts products are often sold in legal retail outlets as herbal incense and plant food, respectively, and labeled not for human consumption to mask their intended purpose and avoid FDA regulatory oversight of the manufacturing process.
Synthetic marijuana consists of plant material that has been laced with substances (synthetic cannabinoids) that users claim mimics Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC), the primary psychoactive active ingredient in marijuana, and are marketed toward young people as a legal high.
Use of synthetic marijuana is alarmingly high. According to data from the 2011 Monitoring the Future survey of youth drug-use trends, 11.4 percent of 12th graders used Spice or K2 in the past year, making it the second most commonly used illicit drug among seniors.
Bath salts contain manmade chemicals related to amphetamines that often consist of methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), mephedrone, and methylone, also known as substituted cathinones.
The Administration has been working over the past 24 months with Federal, Congressional, State, local, and non-governmental partners to put policies and legislation in place to combat this threat, and to educate people about the tremendous health risk posed by these substances.
A Rapidly Emerging Threat
Synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense products were first detected in the United States in November 2008, by the Drug Enforcement Administrations (DEA) forensic laboratory. These products were first encountered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
According to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, 2,906 calls relating to human exposure to synthetic marijuana were received in 2010. Twice that number (6,959) were received in 2011, and 639 had been received as of January 2012 (see chart at right).
According to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, the number of calls related to bath salt exposure received by poison control centers across the country increased by more than 20 times in 2011 alone, up from 304 in 2010 to 6,138 (see chart at left).
Risk to the Public Health
Health warnings have been issued by numerous State and local public health authorities and poison control centers describing the adverse health effects associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids, substituted cathinones, and their related products.
The effects of synthetic marijuana include agitation, extreme nervousness, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia (fast, racing heartbeat), elevated blood pressure, tremors and seizures, hallucinations, and dilated pupils. Similar to the adverse effects of cocaine, LSD and methamphetamine, bath salt use is associated with increased heart rate and blood pressure, extreme paranoia, hallucinations, and violent behavior, which causes users to harm themselves or others.
Sources and Continuing Availability
According to U.S. Customs and Border Protection, a number of synthetic marijuana and bath salts products appear to originate overseas and are manufactured in the absence of quality controls and devoid of governmental regulatory oversight.
Law enforcement personnel have also encountered the manufacture of herbal incense products in such places as residential neighborhoods. These products and associated synthetic cannabinoids are readily accessible via the Internet.
The large profits from sales, plus the fact that these chemicals can be easily synthesized to stay one step ahead of control, indicate there is no incentive to discontinue retail distribution of synthetic cannabinoid products under the current statutory and regulatory scheme.
Government Efforts to Ban Synthetic Drug Products
The DEA and State drug control agencies have recognized the need to monitor and, when necessary, control these chemicals. The Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 amends the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) to allow the Attorney General to place a substance temporarily in Schedule I when it is necessary to avoid an imminent hazard to the public safety (21 U.S.C. § 811(h)).
On October 21, 2011, DEA exercised its emergency scheduling authority to control some of the synthetic substances used to manufacture bath salts; these synthetic stimulants are now designated as Schedule I substances.
In March 2011, five synthetic cannabinoids were temporarily categorized as Schedule I substances under the CSA. Unless permanently controlled, the ban on these five substances is set to expire in March 2012.
At least 38 states have taken action to control one or more of these chemicals. Prior to 2010, synthetic cannabinoids were not controlled by any State or at the Federal level.
Congress has taken initial steps to ban many of these substances, and the Administration has sought to support their efforts.
The Synthetic Drug Control Act (HR 1254) was approved by the House of Representatives on December 8, 2011. The Department of Justice has issued a views letter in support of the Act.
In the Senate, several pieces of legislation concerning synthetic drugs are pending, including one that deals specifically with synthetic cannabinoids.
Taken from the US Office of National Drug Control Policy
Crocodile/Krokodile - Desomorphine
[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5qzdUSbYrg&feature=fvwrel]Crocodile - Ukraine's new drug threat - YouTube[/ame]
This one is too graphic so I'll just place a link.
Krokodil Drug (Rusia's Disaster)A drug that eats junkies - Ma túy
Desomorphine
From Wikipedia
Desomorphine, Dihydrodesoxymorphine, Permonid
Desomorphine (dihydrodesoxymorphine, Permonid) is an opiate analogue invented in 1932 in the United States that is a derivative of morphine, where the 6-hydroxyl group has been removed and the 7,8 double bond has been reduced.[1] It has sedative and analgesic effects, and is around 8-10 times more potent than morphine.[2][3][4][5] It was used in Switzerland under the brand name Permonid, and was described as having a fast onset and a short duration of action, with relatively little nausea or respiratory depression compared to equivalent doses of morphine. The traditional synthesis of desomorphine starts from α-chlorocodide, which is itself obtained by reacting thionyl chloride with codeine. By catalytic reduction, α-chlorocodide gives dihydrodesoxycodeine, which yields desomorphine on demethylation.
Desomorphine attracted attention in 2010 in Russia due to an increase in clandestine production, presumably due to its relatively simple synthesis from codeine. The drug is easily made from codeine, iodine and red phosphorus,[8] in a process similar to the manufacture of methamphetamine from pseudoephedrine, but desomorphine made this way is highly impure and contaminated with various toxic and corrosive byproducts. The street name in Russia for home-made desomorphine made in this way is "krokodil" (крокодил, crocodile), reportedly due to the scale-like appearance of skin of its users and the derivation from chlorocodide.[9] Due to difficulties in procuring heroin combined with easy and cheap access to over-the-counter pharmacy products containing codeine in Russia, use of "krokodil" has been on the increase. To curb it however, the Russian government has placed a ban on the sale of such products without a prescription since 1st June 2012[citation needed]. Since the home-made mix is routinely injected immediately with little or no further purification, "krokodil" has become notorious for producing severe tissue damage, phlebitis and gangrene, sometimes requiring limb amputation in long-term users[10]. The amount of tissue damage is so high that addicts' life expectancies are said to be as low as two to three years.[11][12][13]
Abuse of home-made desomorphine was first reported in Middle and eastern Siberia in 2002, but has since spread throughout Russia and the neighboring former Soviet republics. In October 2011, indications of "krokodil" use were found in Germany, with some media outlets claiming several dead users.[14]
[edit] Other ingredients
While crude amateur attempts to make krokodil will almost invariably still contain some remaining codeine as well as other, "accidentally produced" synthetic opioids, some of the krokodil produced also contains other drugs. For example, the codeine pills sold in Russia may also contain ingredients such as caffeine, paracetamol, or diphenhydramine (coincidentally an opioid potentiater) , while chemicals such as tropicamide, found in over the counter eyedrops, may also be added to the mixture. [15]
