If Gibson were to fail to refinance the debt, due in August, they would seek bankruptcy protection. That is that they would petition the bankruptcy court to protect them from their creditors.
Bankruptcy is the process through which ownership of the company and/or its assets is transferred from the equity owners (shareholders) to the creditors.
Protection from your creditors means you don't have to pay them (some temporarily, others permanently). As of the "Petition date" (i.e. the date you petition the court) all past payables and liabilities get suspended, until a future date when the court will deal with them. The idea behind this is to give the troubled company a little breathing room to chart a path forward, while preventing the creditors from sucking every last penny out of the company.
There are two general categories of bankruptcy: Chapter 7, which is a liquidation of all the assets of the company; and Chapter 11, under which the company tries to reorganize itself and eventually emerge from bankruptcy protection and live to fight another day. Through the process, the company can sell off whatever it wants (with the approval of the judge), cancel any contracts it wants, and do lots of other housekeeping that makes the company's financials more efficient. Until something is sold, the company's creditors essentially own "it." So, with trademarks, service marks and other intellectual property, that all remains in tact for the benefit of the creditors.
If there is a legit business that can be saved (i.e. strong sales of products or services) that could operate at a profit, were it not for overwhelming liabilities, the company is probably a candidate for Chapter 11. If value of the company's assets (on a forced liquidation valuation basis) is significantly greater than the value of the business as an ongoing concern, or if the company can't arrange interim financing while in bankruptcy (i.e. "debtor in possession" financing) Chapter 7 is more likely.
The creditors have most of the decision making power. So the senior most debt guys will usually make sure that they get taken care of and don't really give a flying f*ck about anyone else.
Gibson is pulling in revenues of something north of $1.5B/year. A 5% cash flow margin (which is pretty low) would be $75 million per year. Gibson's senior lenders are owed at least $145 million. The bonds are $375 million (or something like that). The company might have $400 million of receivables and another $300 million of inventory. If those two key assets were liquidated, they might get 60-80% on the receivables (funny how when a company goes bankrupt many people think it means they don't have to pay them what they owe them) and probably 25-50% on the inventory. So, the liquidation of the company probably won't make the debt holders whole. The big wild card is who would buy the inventory? That said, the argument can be made that the company (cleaned up through the bankruptcy process) could be worth $500 million. If you give that ownership to the debt guys and put a new debt load of say $200 million (total) on the company, the debt guys come out smelling like a rose.
Short answer, there is virtually no way in hell that Gibson goes into liquidation. I doubt it will even get close to Ch11.